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37 Thinking and Writing

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263
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Thinking and Writing Opening Page

Start-Up Activity

On a whiteboard, randomly list the six types of thinking skills covered in this chapter. Explain that some types of thinking require deeper thought than others. Place students in small groups. Then challenge each group to list the thinking skills in order from easiest (surface-level thinking) to most difficult (deep-level thinking). Have groups share their lists with the class, and then reveal the correct order: remembering, understanding, applying, analyzing, evaluating, and creating.  

Think About It

“Writing is thinking. To write well is to think clearly.” 

—David McCullough

 

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Guidelines for Thinking and Writing

Review with students the different types of thinking. Explain that the thinking skills get more complex proceeding down the list.

Point out that the levels of thinking build upon one another. For example, to properly evaluate a source of information, students would first need to analyze its parts, such as the sender, message, medium, receiver, and context.

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21st Century Skills:

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Remembering

Discuss what it means to remember information. Then review the tips for remembering information on page 265. Highlight the usefulness of note-taking, graphic organizers, and memory aids. These strategies will help your students remember new information in and out of school.

 

LAFS Standard:
TEKS Standard:
NE ELA Standard:

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Understanding

Review the tips for understanding information. To test students’ understanding of the concept, ask them to summarize the page using their own words. 

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Applying

Help students understand what it means to apply information. (Applying means to use information you learn in a new setting.) After reviewing the page, ask students to write a journal entry about a time when they applied something they learned in school to a situation at home or in their community. 

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Analyzing

Discuss what it means to analyze information and lead students through the different ways to do it: 

  • Identify the parts of something.
  • Tell which parts are most important.
  • Examine how things are alike or different.
  • Divide things into different groups.

Finally, offer up some tips for analyzing. For practice, present any of the related minilessons.

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Evaluating

Discuss what it means to evaluate information—to judge the value or worth of something. Writers evaluate their work during the revision process. Ask students to think of examples of ways people evaluate things. For example, you might evaluate a restaurant on the taste of the food, the quality of service, or the beauty of the decor. 

Make sure that students know that before they can properly judge a topic, they must understand and analyze its parts. As practice, present one or more of the minilessons.

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Creating

Creating requires the deepest level of thought. To create something new, students will need to use all the thinking skills: remembering, understanding, applying, analyzing, and evaluating. Ask students to share some of their favorite creations. Challenge the responders to identify how they utilized each thinking skill to create the new thing. 

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