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05 Writing and Revising

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Writing and Revising Opening Page

Start-Up Activity

Read the chapter-opening page aloud. Discuss the concept of drafting and revising writing. Ask if any students have written multiple drafts of a paper before. What sort of changes did they make from draft to draft and why? Also ask them if they have written just one draft of an assignment and turned it in. What were the results? Emphasize that a first draft is a trial run, and revising deals with making changes to improve the writing. You may want to review “Revising” in “One Writer’s Process” on page 12.

Think About It

“If you haven’t revised, you’re not finished.”

—Patricia T. O’Conner

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Writing First Drafts

Be sure to discuss “Drafting Tips” on page 38, because they will help students approach the drafting step in the proper way. Emphasize that the focus of a first draft is to get their thoughts about their topic on paper, and not to produce perfect copy. Then read and discuss the sample beginning paragraph and beginning strategies.

Emphasize that the purpose of the beginning part of a paragraph or essay is to introduce the topic in an interesting way.  

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Writing First Drafts (Continued)

The middle part uses details to explain or develop the focus of a piece of writing. We define details as “the words and ideas that describe someone or something, convince an audience, and/or explain a topic.” Read and discuss the sample middle paragraph, paying special attention to the details it contains. Follow with a discussion of the sample ending paragraph and ending strategies.  

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Types of Details

Page 40 lists the types of details commonly used in writing. Your students may not be aware of all of them, so carefully review each type. Consider pointing out different types of details included in a sample piece of writing. 

Finally, encourage your students to refer to this page when they need to think of ways to support the focus of their writing. For some writing assignments, you may require students to use a certain number and types of details.

 

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Revising First Drafts

This page serves as an effective overview of the revising process. Please know that it may take time for many English Language Learners to develop their revising skills. Some researchers have noted that when students first begin to revise, their writing may, in fact, seem less effective than before. Still, students should be encouraged to take risks and make significant changes in their work. Eventually their writing will reach a higher, more mature level.

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Revising First Drafts (Continued)

Three specific revising strategies are covered on page 42: using specific details, connecting ideas with transitions, and adding a strong title. Carefully review this page so students understand how each strategy works.

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Revising in Action    

This page shows a paragraph revised for specific details and connecting words (transitions). Read and discuss the paragraph. Tie the discussion with page 40, so students can see the types of details contained in the revision. Here are the types of specific details included in the revised paragraph: 

  • Explanation: Migrating birds must prepare for their trip by eating huge amounts of food. Otherwise, they would not survive their journey.
  • Definitions: The scientific term for this binge eating is premigratory hyperphagia.
  • Fact: Long-distance migrators can increase their weight by 75 percent or even more.
  • Example: The hummingbird provides a good example.
  • Statistic: On a typical day, a hummingbird ingests its weight in nectar and can eat as many as 2,000 tiny insects.
  • Reason: This fat provides the energy needed to fly 600 miles nonstop.
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Revising Checklist

Download the revising checklist and present it to your students digitally or in print. Instruct them to use the checklist as a basic guide whenever they revise a draft.

Instruct students to save all their work for important writing assignments, so you can see how much revising they may have done.  

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