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11 Building Paragraphs

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075
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Building Paragraphs Opening Page

Start-Up Activity

Display these words for your class: sentence, paragraph, essay, and book. Challenge students to think about how each word relates to each other. Discuss their answers. Then explain that each one represents a unit of thought, moving from small to large: A sentence expresses one complete thought. A paragraph is a larger unit of thought consisting of a series of related sentences. An essay or report is an even larger unit of thought consisting of a series of paragraphs. A book then consists of a series of essays or chapters. This chapter covers paragraphs, which is second in the progression. Read and discuss page 75.

Think About It

“The last sentence of a piece of writing is almost as important as the first.”

—James J. Kilpatrick

Page 076 from All Write

The Parts of a Paragraph

Display a picture of a sandwich or hamburger. Point out that the shape of a paragraph—both containing a top and bottom part with specific items in between. In the case of a paragraph, the three parts are the topic sentence, the body sentences, and the closing sentence. Then read and discuss page 76. 

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Page 077 from All Write

The Parts of a Paragraph (Continued)

This page provides a closer look at the parts of a paragraph. (You can also share this graphic for more on paragraph structure.)

Pay special attention to the formula for writing a topic sentence. Model this formula for students then have them write one or two topic sentences of their own. Refer students to page 40 for a list of the different types of details that can be used in the body sentences.

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Page 078 from All Write

Types of Paragraphs

The next four pages present four types of paragraphs: explanatory, persuasive, narrative, and descriptive. The three main parts are labeled in each one. Page 78 presents an explanatory paragraph. (Explanatory paragraphs inform or explain.) During your discussion of this paragraph, identify the two parts of the topic sentence (topic + a feeling about it), the types of details used, the arrangement of the details, and the use of connecting words or transitions.

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Page 079 from All Write

Types of Paragraphs (Continued)

This page presents a persuasive paragraph. During your discussion, identify the two parts of the topic sentence (topic + an opinion about it), the types of details used, the arrangement of the details, and so on. (The details in persuasive paragraphs are often arranged according to their importance.) 

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Page 080 from All Write

Types of Paragraphs (Continued)

This page presents a narrative paragraph. During your discussion, identify the two parts of the topic sentence, the types of details used, the arrangement of the details, and so on. (The details in narrative paragraphs are almost always arranged chronologically.) 

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Page 081 from All Write

Types of Paragraphs (Continued)

This page presents a descriptive paragraph. During your discussion, identify the two parts of the topic sentence, the types of details used, the arrangement of the details, the use of connecting words or transitions, and so on. (The details in descriptive paragraphs are often arranged spatially—top to bottom, right to left, or so on.)

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Page 082 from All Write

Writing Guidelines: Paragraphs

Review the writing guidelines on this page. Then model the paragraph-writing process for your students. Consider having students write a paragraph on their own following these guidelines. Refer to the online writing topics page for ideas.

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Page 083 from All Write

Details in Paragraphs

Read and discuss this page after students have written a paragraph. Ask for volunteers to share their paragraphs and explain the source of their details—from other sources or from their own thoughts and experiences. Consider sharing this infographic to give students more insights into the details they can use in their writing. 

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Page 084 from All Write

Organizing Your Ideas

This page addresses three main patterns of organization: chronological, spatial (location), and order of importance. Review each pattern, pointing out how writers employ them to explain, persuade, describe, and so on. Consider presenting sample paragraphs that demonstrate each form. 

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Page 085 from All Write

Organizing Your Ideas (Continued)

Carefully review this page to compare and contrast the basic structure of paragraphs and essays. For visual learners, share this graphic to demonstrate how paragraphs fit into the structure of essays.  

English Language Learners often have difficulty knowing when to start a new paragraph in longer composition. Remind students to start a new paragraph when they change main ideas or shift to another part of the topic.

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Page 086 from All Write

Organizing Your Ideas (Continued)

Transition words and phrases help connect the ideas within paragraphs and essays. For example, in narrative writing, transition words such as first, next, and finally indicate the time in which different events occur. Becoming familiar with and using the transitions on this page will help students, especially English Language Learners, develop a sense of paragraphing in essays and reports. During your discussion of the writing models in All Write, always point out the writer’s use of transitions.

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