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14 Building Effective Essays

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Building Effective Essays Chapter Opener

Start-Up Activity

Say to your students, "Look at your desks. Where did they come from?" Someone might answer that the school bought them. Probe further. "Bought them from whom?" Students might guess about manufacturers, might even find trademarks written on the desks. "Where did that company get them?" Students will perhaps point out that the company made the desks. "From what?" Keep probing, helping students realize that the metal materials had to be mined from the earth and turned from iron to steel, and then shaped into legs and other parts, and the wooden pieces had to come from trees felled and milled and shaped, and the plastic pieces came from oil pumped from the ground and transformed into a flexible, durable form. "Your desks are marvels. They exist because of a long line of intentional labor, and they make it possible for you to sit here and learn in this class."

Most of the good stuff in life was built by people in the same fashion. A great deal of time and energy goes into gathering the raw materials and shaping them into useful pieces and assembling them into a final product. Writing is just the same. Instead of gathering iron, wood, and oil, though, students gather ideas from many sources. They put the ideas together in new, useful, sometimes amazing forms. That's what an essay is: a structure for thought that supports readers just like a desk supports students.

Think About It

“When I get a new idea, I start at once building it up in my imagination, and make improvements and operate the device in my mind. When I have gone as far as to embody everything in my invention, every possible improvement I can think of, and when I see no fault anywhere, I put into concrete form the final product of my brain.”

—Win Ng

Page 102 from Write Ahead

Sample Explanatory Essay

Ask volunteers to read each paragraph of the essay on this page and the next. Afterward, point out how the writer draws the reader in with a command: "Think of a magical being who visits once a year on a special day and leaves treats for children." Then using the word "you," the writer continues to connect with the reader. By the time the writer reaches the focus statement, readers who may not have been interested in leprechauns want to understand where they came from.

The first middle paragraph focuses on defining the term. The next paragraphs delve into the history of the idea, showing how the modern concept of little men in green evolved.

Also provide students other explanatory essays.

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Page 103 from Write Ahead

Sample Explanatory Essay (Cont.)

Finish reading the essay. Then ask students to find details that they like in the essay. Ask students why they find each detail interesting. Likely, they will have many different reasons. In the end, point out to them that they should write essays with intriguing details to engage readers.

Afterward, review the structure of the essay. The beginning captures the reader's attention and delivers the focus. The middle provides details to support the focus. The ending wraps up the ideas in a way that allows readers to carry them away. The whole structure is meant to invite the reader in, have the person engage the information, and provide the person a way to take away what she or he has learned. Help students understand that writing is always about communicating an idea to the reader.

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Page 104 from Write Ahead

Writing Guidelines

Assign your students to write an explanatory essay of their own. On this page, students will be selecting a topic and forming a thesis statement. (Point to pages 44–45 for additional topic ideas.) Then have them gather details. (Pages 46–49 and 106–107 provide additional support.)

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Page 105 from Write Ahead

Writing, Revising, and Editing

As your students work through their essays, lead them through the appropriate guidelines on this page. At each stage, help them understand that the ideas they have to share are the most important part of their writing:

  • Prewriting is all about finding and organizing the best ideas.
  • Writing is all about getting ideas onto paper.
  • Revising is all about adding, cutting, moving, or reworking ideas.
  • Editing is all about making sure the punctuation, capitalization, spelling, usage, and grammar clearly convey the ideas.

Every step in the writing process and every trait of effective writing serve the ideas.

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Page 106 from Write Ahead

Gathering Details for Essays

This page and the next focus on gathering details about different types of topics. Direct your students to these two pages whenever they are "stuck" in prewriting. Have them find the type of topic they are writing about and encourage them to use one or more of the gathering strategies to find information.

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Page 107 from Write Ahead

Gathering Details for Essays (Cont.)

Use this page to help students during prewriting on essays about objects or events or essays that explain something.

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Page 108 from Write Ahead

Developing Two-Part Essays

Cause-effect, comparison-contrast, and problem-solution essays have two separate parts. That makes them especially challenging for students, but also especially rewarding. They require strong analytical and organizational skills, teaching thinking strategies that students need in science, math, and social studies.

Direct your students to the supports on this page when they are creating two-part essays. Also, check out additional support for comparison-contrast essays (pages 187–190), cause-effect essays (pages 191–194), and problem-solution essays (pages 214–217).

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