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47 Reading Graphics

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Reading Graphics Chapter Opener

Start-Up Activity

Show your class an assortment of graphics, perhaps printed out or projected on a screen. You can find a number of options at the Economist, Pew Research, or Daily Infographic.

As you present each graphic, give your students a moment to study it. Then ask, "What does this mean?" After students offer suggestions, discuss the graphic, its features, and its meaning.

Once students have responded to a number of graphics, ask them why this information didn't just get written out as articles. What's the point of graphics? Perhaps students will note that graphics

  • are more interesting than text

  • contain a great deal of information in a small space

  • more efficiently relate that information

  • allow readers to see trends with their own eyes

  • work with text to show rather than tell

Students may well point out even more ways that graphics complement text. Tell them this chapter takes a closer look at reading graphics purposefully and will help them choose the right kinds of graphics for their own writing.

Also share with students a group of infographics, which show and tell information.

Think About It

“I think by drawing, so I'll draw or diagram everything from a piece of furniture to a stage gesture. I understand things best when they're in graphics, not words.”

—Robert Wilson

Page 400 from Write Ahead

Reading Graphic Information

Graphics can be powerful because "seeing is believing." However, graphics do not present information in a linear fashion, as text does, so students need to learn different strategies for understanding graphics.

Lead your students through the five steps on this page to help them get an overall sense of the graphic, read each part, figure out how the parts relate, and then connect the graphic to other information in the surrounding text. Also, help them become critical consumers of graphics, which are often used in advertising.

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Page 401 from Write Ahead

Understanding Graphs

Different types of graphs display information in different ways. Students need to learn to read and understand each type of graph but also recognize the purpose of each type. That knowledge will help them intelligently respond to the writer's intentions and select appropriate graph types when they write. (For more on creating graphs, see "Graphing Math Data" on pages 318-319.)

Lead students through the descriptions and examples on this page.

  • The line graph shows changes over time.
  • The pie graph shows the parts of a whole.
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Page 402 from Write Ahead

Stacked and Multiple Bar Graphs

The stacked bar graph allows multiple comparisons of amounts. The complete bar shows the total amount at a given time, and each segment of the bar shows proportions of that amount. Readers can compare total bars across time, proportions at one time, and proportions across time.

The multiple bar graph also allows multiple comparisons. Readers can compare the amounts between categories, across categories over time, and in total.

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Page 403 from Write Ahead

Analyzing Tables

Tables place data in rows and columns for easy comparison. One specific type of table—the spreadsheet—organizes raw data so that software can run calculations based upon it, creating new information in real time.

Help students understand that the cells in the first column often identify the content of each row, and the cells in the top row usually identify the content of each column.

  • A comparison table lists features so that consumers can choose the best option.
  • A schedule lists times and activities. Some schedules are simple lists, but others like the train schedule shown here contain complex, interrelated information.
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Page 404 from Write Ahead

Understanding Diagrams

Diagrams show the structure of something, with visual representations of the parts and labels to indicate each part.

  • A picture diagram shows the subject itself with labels.
  • A line diagram shows the structure of a hierarchy such as a family tree or the thesis, main points, and details of an argument.
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Page 405 from Write Ahead

Flowcharts

A flowchart shows the parts of a process, with ovals for beginning and ending points, diamonds for decision points, rectangles for steps in the process, and arrows to show the direction of flow. For more on flowcharts, see "Creating Math Flowcharts" on page 322.

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Page 406 from Write Ahead

Reading Maps

Maps come in all shapes and sizes. Some show state and national boundaries. Others show topography or biomes or political leanings. The example map shows weather.

Help students understand that reading maps involves carefully studying the legend to understand what different colors, textures, lines, and patterns indicate.

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