20 Writing Explanatory Essays

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Writing Explanatory Essays

Start-Up Activity

Ask students to identify all the foods in the illustration on page 167. (Celery, lettuce, cucumber, carrots, olives, potato chips, hot dog, bun, onion, ketchup, cheese, scallions.) Which of those ingredients would they want to have with a hot dog? Which would they not want?

Tell them that when they create their explanatory essays in this chapter, they will gather all kinds of ingredients: facts, statistics, examples, definitions, reasons, and so on, and they will have to decide which to use and which to set aside. The question is, “Which details will do the most to inform my reader about my topic?”

Think About It

“The more minimal the art, the more maximum the explanation.”

—Hilton Kramer

State Standards Covered in This Chapter

TEKS Covered in This Chapter

Page 168 from Write on Course 20-20

Understanding Explanatory Writing

Use the PAST questions to help students understand explanatory writing. The Purpose is to inform, explain, demonstrate, or show. The Audience and Subject will, of course, vary with each assignment. The Type of writing is often an explanatory essay, but can take many other forms.

At the bottom of the page, use the “big three” traits to preview the goals for explanatory writing.

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Page 169 from Write on Course 20-20

Explanatory Writing Ideas

Have your students read through the topic suggestions on this page and pick out three topics each that they would like to write about. Ask students to share the explanatory topics that interest them and tell why they are interested in the topics. Ask students then to use the sentence starters on the page to come up with one more topic that is not listed.

Tell students that whenever they write explanatory essays, they can return to this page to get inspiration. They can also check out a whole range of explanatory writing topics.

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Page 170 from Write on Course 20-20

Explanatory Essay

Ask your students what they had for lunch yesterday. After they share, ask if any of them have ever had lunch from a bento box. Then have volunteers read each paragraph from the model. After each paragraph is read, point out the features listed in the side notes.

You can also share other explanatory essays with your class.

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Page 171 from Write on Course 20-20

Explanatory Essay (Cont.)

After you finish reading and discussing the model essay, direct your students' attention to the “Pattern of Organization” graphic at the bottom of the page. Ask students these questions:

  • What is the topic of the essay?
  • What is the first main point?
  • What are the details?

Point out that the thesis statement names the topic, the topic sentences name the main points, and the supporting sentences provide the details. Tell students they should create a similar structure when they write their explanatory essays.

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Page 172 from Write on Course 20-20

Writing Guidelines: Explanatory Essay

Help students try another technique for selecting a topic: the Essentials of Life Checklist. This list includes things people need to live well. Students should scan the list, looking for broad subject areas that interest them. Then they should pick a subject, write it down, and list specific topics they could address. Afterward, they can choose the topic that most interests them and best fits the assignment.

Once students have selected a high-interest topic for their explanatory essays, have them kick off their research with a KWL chart. They write what they already Know in the first column and what they Wonder about in the second column. Then they conduct research to Learn answers to their questions about the topic. (Download and distribute a blank KWL chart.)

If you would like students to be mindful of the rubric that will be used to assess their work, point them to the explanatory rubric.

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Page 173 from Write on Course 20-20

Using Different Types of Details

Have students use a hand or piece of paper to cover the second and third columns in the table. Then lead a discussion, asking them what kind of details they would use “To sound well informed . . . ,” “To explain words . . .” and so on. Students can uncover the second and third columns for each row as they answer your question.

Help students understand that different types of details do different jobs in writing and thinking.

Have your students research their topics further, adding details to round out their discussion.

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Page 174 from Write on Course 20-20

Writing—Developing the First Draft

When your students complete their research, present the material on page 174. Discuss the three strategies for getting your reader's attention and review the model for creating a strong thesis statement.

In your discussion of the middle part, remind students of the different types of details they should use (as explained on page 173) and remind them also of the organizational pattern for placing those details in paragraphs (at the bottom of page 172).

Cover the three ending strategies as well. Then get students writing.

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Page 175 from Write on Course 20-20

Revising and Editing

After your students complete their first drafts, present “A Closer Look at Revising: Word Choice” as a minilesson. Then have students return to their essays and look for any special or unfamiliar terms and figure out ways to provide definitions.

Review the revising and editing checklists, asking students to use them as they improve their writing and as they work with peer reviewers.

To provide even more conventions practice, check out these free online minilessons.

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