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24 APA Research Paper

Page
335
from
Write for College

APA Research Paper Chapter Opener

Start-Up Activity

Ask students to compare and contrast an MLA and an APA research paper. (Use the two papers in Write for College or two papers of your choice.) Recommend that students concentrate on formatting and citation style. Ask for volunteers to share similarities and differences with the class. Then fill in any key points they might have missed.

This chapter provides guidelines for creating a APA research paper. Students should refer to these other chapters in the Research Center to help them complete their work:

Think About It

“No one undertakes research in physics with the intention of winning a prize. It is the joy of discovering something no one knew before.”

—Stephen Hawking

State Standards Covered in This Chapter

CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.W.11-12.2

CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.W.11-12.7

CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.W.11-12.8

CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.W.11-12.9

CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RI.11-12.1

CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RI.11-12.2

CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RI.11-12.3

CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RI.11-12.5

LAFS Covered in This Chapter

LAFS.1112.W.1.2

LAFS.1112.W.3.7

LAFS.1112.W.3.8

LAFS.1112.W.3.9

LAFS.1112.RI.1.1

LAFS.1112.RI.1.2

LAFS.1112.RI.1.3

LAFS.1112.RI.2.5

TEKS Covered in This Chapter

110.38.c.9

110.38.c.10.B

110.39.c.9

110.39.c.10.B

110.38.c.11

110.39.c.11

110.38.c.11.E

110.38.c.11.F

110.38.c.11.G

110.39.c.11.E

110.39.c.11.F

110.39.c.11.G

110.38.c.5.D

110.38.c.4.H

110.39.c.5.D

110.39.c.4.H

110.38.c.4.F

110.38.c.5.C

110.38.c.7.D.i

110.39.c.4.F

110.39.c.5.C

110.39.c.7.D.i

110.38.c.4.G

110.39.c.4.G

110.38.c.7.D.ii

110.39.c.7.D.ii

110.38.c.7.E.i

110.39.c.7.E.i

TEKS Covered in This Chapter

Page 336 from Write for College

Citing Sources: APA In-Text Citations

Carefully lead students through the guidelines for APA in-text citations. Note how the positioning of in-text citations depends on how the sourced information is paraphrased and quoted. Recommend that, whenever possible, students integrate the name and medium of source material in the context of sentence rather than in the parenthetical reference, especially when quoting the source.

As practice, have students write two sentences based on the following passage. The first sentence should paraphrase the passage. The second sentence should quote a portion of the passage. Students will also need to create an in-text citation for each sentence. Afterwards, discuss the different ways the sourced material could be cited.

  • “He explained that they were all worried and resentful; they could not believe a young girl would come all the way from England just to look at apes, and so the rumor had spread that I was a government spy.”
    Source: page 16 of In the Shadow of Man by Jane Goodall, published in 1971 by Houghton Mifflin Publishing in Boston 
State Standard Reference:
LAFS Standard:
LAFS.1112.W.1.2
TEKS Standard:
110.38.c.9, 110.38.c.10.B, 110.39.c.9, 110.39.c.10.B
NE ELA Standard:
LA 12.2.1.b, LA 12.2.2, LA 12.2.2.a

Related Resource Tags

Click to view a list of tags that tie into other resources on our site

Level:
Grade 11Grade 12
Mode:
Research Writing
Form:
APA Research PaperResearch Paper
21st Century Skills:
Writing ProjectResearching
English Language Arts:
Writing

Page 337 from Write for College

Model In-Text Citations

The next two pages list examples of in-text citations for different types of sources. Students can refer to these pages when they need to cite source material in their APA papers.

For in-text citation examples of source types not mentioned in Write for College, refer students to the 6th edition of the APA Publication Manual or a free online resource such as the Purdue Online Writing Lab.

State Standard Reference:
LAFS Standard:
LAFS.1112.W.3.7
TEKS Standard:
110.38.c.11, 110.39.c.11
NE ELA Standard:
LA 12.2.2.c

Related Resource Tags

Click to view a list of tags that tie into other resources on our site

Level:
Grade 11Grade 12
Mode:
Research Writing
Form:
APA Research PaperResearch Paper
21st Century Skills:
Writing ProjectResearching
English Language Arts:
Writing

Page 339 from Write for College

Guidelines: References List

Teach students that the in-text citations used in APA papers must point to entries in a references page, which gives complete information for each source. This page and the next give formatting and entry guidelines for the references page.

Read the explanation for each major element and lead students through the examples.

State Standard Reference:
LAFS Standard:
LAFS.1112.W.3.7
TEKS Standard:
110.38.c.11, 110.39.c.11
NE ELA Standard:
LA 12.2.2.c

Related Resource Tags

Click to view a list of tags that tie into other resources on our site

Level:
Grade 11Grade 12
Mode:
Research Writing
Form:
APA Research PaperResearch Paper
21st Century Skills:
Writing ProjectResearching
English Language Arts:
Writing

Page 340 from Write for College

Sample References: Print Sources

Review the sample APA references for print sources. As practice, have students use the following publishing information to create a sample reference entry for the source they paraphrased on page 337:

  • Source information: page 16 of In the Shadow of Man by Jane Goodall, published in 1971 by Houghton Mifflin Publishing in Boston

Answer:

Goodall, J. (1971). In the Shadow of Man. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Publishing.

 

State Standard Reference:
LAFS Standard:
LAFS.1112.W.3.7
TEKS Standard:
110.38.c.11, 110.39.c.11
NE ELA Standard:
LA 12.2.2.c

Related Resource Tags

Click to view a list of tags that tie into other resources on our site

Level:
Grade 11Grade 12
Mode:
Research Writing
Form:
APA Research PaperResearch Paper
21st Century Skills:
Writing ProjectResearching
English Language Arts:
Writing Process

Page 341 from Write for College

Sample References: Electronic Sources

Lead students through the guidelines for citing different types of online sources. When you reach "Other Online Sources," make note of the tricky distinction that needs to be made when deciding whether to italicize titles of Web works. In general, students should follow these rules:

  • Titles of larger, self-contained works should be italicized. Examples include titles of Web sites, blogs, podcasts, or official reports, the latter of which is demonstrated in the second example under "Other Online Sources."
  • Titles of smaller works, which are part of a greater whole, should not be italicized. Examples include titles of a Web pages, online articles, videos, blog posts, or podcast episodes. The first and third examples under "Other Online Sources" demonstrate this rule.

 

State Standard Reference:
LAFS Standard:
LAFS.1112.W.3.7
TEKS Standard:
110.38.c.11, 110.39.c.11
NE ELA Standard:
LA 12.2.2.c

Related Resource Tags

Click to view a list of tags that tie into other resources on our site

Level:
Grade 11Grade 12
Mode:
Research Writing
Form:
APA Research PaperResearch Paper
21st Century Skills:
Researching
English Language Arts:
Writing Process

Page 342 from Write for College

APA Formatting Guidelines

Closely review the MLA formatting guidelines with students. Point out each element in the sample APA paper on pages 343–351.

State Standard Reference:
LAFS Standard:
LAFS.1112.W.3.7
TEKS Standard:
110.38.c.11, 110.39.c.11
NE ELA Standard:
LA 12.2.2.c

Related Resource Tags

Click to view a list of tags that tie into other resources on our site

Level:
Grade 11Grade 12
Mode:
Research Writing
Form:
APA Research PaperResearch Paper
21st Century Skills:
ResearchingReading
English Language Arts:
Writing ProcessReading

Page 343 from Write for College

Sample APA Research Paper

Introduce the sample APA paper by pointing out the parts of the title page and reading through the abstract. Also refer students to page 284 for guidelines for writing an abstract.

 

State Standard Reference:
LAFS Standard:
LAFS.1112.W.1.2
TEKS Standard:
110.38.c.9, 110.38.c.10.B, 110.39.c.9, 110.39.c.10.B
NE ELA Standard:
LA 12.2.1.b, LA 12.2.2, LA 12.2.2.a

Related Resource Tags

Click to view a list of tags that tie into other resources on our site

Level:
Grade 11Grade 12
Mode:
Research Writing
Form:
APA Research PaperResearch PaperAbstract
21st Century Skills:
ReadingResearching
English Language Arts:
Reading

Page 344 from Write for College

Sample APA Research Paper (Cont.)

You can have volunteers read the body of the research paper aloud, paragraph by paragraph, as you point out the features indicated in the side notes. However, because of the length and complexity of the report, you can also have students read it silently. Let them know that they will be expected to participate in a class discussion of the report afterward.

State Standard Reference:
LAFS Standard:
LAFS.1112.RI.1.1
TEKS Standard:
110.38.c.4.F, 110.38.c.5.C, 110.38.c.7.D.i, 110.39.c.4.F, 110.39.c.5.C, 110.39.c.7.D.i
NE ELA Standard:
LA 12.1.6.g, LA 12.1.6.k, LA 12.1.6.n

Related Resource Tags

Click to view a list of tags that tie into other resources on our site

Level:
Grade 11Grade 12
Mode:
Research Writing
Form:
APA Research PaperResearch Paper
21st Century Skills:
ReadingResearching
English Language Arts:
Reading

Page 345 from Write for College

Sample APA Research Paper (Cont.)

Continue to review the sample paper.

State Standard Reference:
LAFS Standard:
LAFS.1112.RI.1.1
TEKS Standard:
110.38.c.4.F, 110.38.c.5.C, 110.38.c.7.D.i, 110.39.c.4.F, 110.39.c.5.C, 110.39.c.7.D.i
NE ELA Standard:
LA 12.1.6.g, LA 12.1.6.k, LA 12.1.6.n

Related Resource Tags

Click to view a list of tags that tie into other resources on our site

Level:
Grade 11Grade 12
Mode:
Research Writing
Form:
APA Research PaperResearch Paper
21st Century Skills:
Reading
English Language Arts:
Reading

Page 346 from Write for College

Sample APA Research Paper (Cont.)

Continue to review the sample paper.

State Standard Reference:
LAFS Standard:
LAFS.1112.RI.1.1
TEKS Standard:
110.38.c.4.F, 110.38.c.5.C, 110.38.c.7.D.i, 110.39.c.4.F, 110.39.c.5.C, 110.39.c.7.D.i
NE ELA Standard:
LA 12.1.6.g, LA 12.1.6.k, LA 12.1.6.n

Related Resource Tags

Click to view a list of tags that tie into other resources on our site

Level:
Grade 11Grade 12
Mode:
Research Writing
Form:
APA Research PaperResearch Paper
21st Century Skills:
Reading
English Language Arts:
Reading

Page 347 from Write for College

Sample APA Research Paper (Cont.)

Continue to review the sample paper.

State Standard Reference:
LAFS Standard:
LAFS.1112.RI.1.1
TEKS Standard:
110.38.c.4.F, 110.38.c.5.C, 110.38.c.7.D.i, 110.39.c.4.F, 110.39.c.5.C, 110.39.c.7.D.i
NE ELA Standard:
LA 12.1.6.g, LA 12.1.6.k, LA 12.1.6.n

Related Resource Tags

Click to view a list of tags that tie into other resources on our site

Level:
Grade 11Grade 12
Mode:
Research Writing
Form:
APA Research PaperResearch Paper
21st Century Skills:
Reading
English Language Arts:
Reading

Page 348 from Write for College

Sample APA Research Paper (Cont.)

Continue to review the sample paper.

State Standard Reference:
LAFS Standard:
LAFS.1112.RI.1.1
TEKS Standard:
110.38.c.4.F, 110.38.c.5.C, 110.38.c.7.D.i, 110.39.c.4.F, 110.39.c.5.C, 110.39.c.7.D.i
NE ELA Standard:
LA 12.1.6.g, LA 12.1.6.k, LA 12.1.6.n

Related Resource Tags

Click to view a list of tags that tie into other resources on our site

Level:
Grade 11Grade 12
Mode:
Research Writing
Form:
APA Research PaperResearch Paper
21st Century Skills:
Reading
English Language Arts:
Reading

Page 349 from Write for College

Sample APA Research Paper (Cont.)

Continue to review the sample paper.

State Standard Reference:
LAFS Standard:
LAFS.1112.RI.1.1
TEKS Standard:
110.38.c.4.F, 110.38.c.5.C, 110.38.c.7.D.i, 110.39.c.4.F, 110.39.c.5.C, 110.39.c.7.D.i
NE ELA Standard:
LA 12.1.6.g, LA 12.1.6.k, LA 12.1.6.n

Related Resource Tags

Click to view a list of tags that tie into other resources on our site

Level:
Grade 11Grade 12
Mode:
Research Writing
Form:
APA Research PaperResearch Paper
21st Century Skills:
Reading
English Language Arts:
Reading

Page 350 from Write for College

Sample APA Research Paper (Cont.)

After students finish reviewing the sample research paper, lead a discussion with questions like these:

  • What purpose do the first two body paragraphs on page 3 serve? (To inform readers about previous research and background about the topic of the thesis)
  • What value do the graphics add to the paper? (Answers will vary. The graphics present test data in a visual manner, so that the relationship between the results is clearer and more digestible.)
  • Did the research results support the authors' hypothesis? (Only partially. Those deprived of food did give up more quickly on the puzzle, but only in the 12-hour groups. Furthermore, food depravation did not impact participants' concentration levels.)
  • How did the organization and voice of the paper compare and contrast with the sample MLA research paper on pages 327–334? (Answers will vary.)
State Standard Reference:
LAFS Standard:
LAFS.1112.RI.1.1
TEKS Standard:
110.38.c.4.F, 110.38.c.5.C, 110.38.c.7.D.i, 110.39.c.4.F, 110.39.c.5.C, 110.39.c.7.D.i
NE ELA Standard:
LA 12.1.6.g, LA 12.1.6.k, LA 12.1.6.n

Related Resource Tags

Click to view a list of tags that tie into other resources on our site

Level:
Grade 11Grade 12
Mode:
Research Writing
Form:
APA Research PaperResearch Paper
21st Century Skills:
Reading
English Language Arts:
Reading

Page 351 from Write for College

References Page

Instead of having students read this page, lead them through the side notes, using the entries as examples. Reiterate that every source cited in the references page must match a citation within the body of the paper.  Students can find many more examples and deeper information about references entries on pages 339–342.

State Standard Reference:
LAFS Standard:
LAFS.1112.RI.1.1
TEKS Standard:
110.38.c.4.F, 110.38.c.5.C, 110.38.c.7.D.i, 110.39.c.4.F, 110.39.c.5.C, 110.39.c.7.D.i
NE ELA Standard:
LA 12.1.6.g, LA 12.1.6.k, LA 12.1.6.n

Related Resource Tags

Click to view a list of tags that tie into other resources on our site

Level:
Grade 11Grade 12
Mode:
Research Writing
Form:
APA Research PaperResearch Paper
21st Century Skills:
ReadingResearching
English Language Arts:
Reading