Prewriting Ideas
Looking
Paying attention to visual details helps children look thoughtfully at people, objects, and situations. Whether children are looking at a picture book, drawing a picture, or noticing objects in the classroom, ask questions that push children to notice details. Ask how many, what color, what kind, and so on. Not all details are significant. Encourage children to say why certain details are important. This yearlong strategy of honing observation skills will carry over into children’s writing.
Thinking
“Ah-ha”—the sound of discovery, sudden insight, the birth of an idea—is the launching pad for great writing. Celebrate good ideas, insights, observations, and creative ideas that children share in any context! Whenever appropriate, apply the think-tank brain power of the entire class to situations that need solutions. Point out examples of careful thinking throughout the day and throughout the year.
Talking
Stress the importance of sharing ideas out loud and of being polite listeners whenever someone else is speaking. Question a speaker to draw out the complete thought and amplify a quiet voice by repeating what was said. Encourage group discussion in which not all remarks are directed to you as the teacher. Strive to have children respond directly to one another. This helps them to expand their concept of audience, to prepare for group work, and to be sensitive to others.
Listening
Establish a system of quieting the class, a hand signal or other cue that indicates it is time to listen. Try whispering to demonstrate that when it is very quiet, it is not necessary to raise one’s voice. Consider a whispering day to reinforce the power of quiet. Children may enjoy the extra-quiet atmosphere as an oasis in an otherwise active, noisy day. Use quiet time to listen for sounds that normally are ignored. Talk about important sounds—alarms, horns, and so on. Talk about how sounds affect feelings—soothing music, annoying noises, and so on.
Sharing
Have a structure for sharing that always honors the speaker. Encourage show-and-tell. Speakers may be more comfortable interacting with a prop. Talk about how sharing often leads people to write down their best ideas, experiences, and stories. Set up times for sharing various types of things: objects, places, travels, meals, holidays, other special days, artwork, stories, unusual experiences, funny stories, jokes, and so on.
Doing
Acting things out empowers children. They can act out words, feelings, stories, and so on. Encourage hands-on experiences and drama to reinforce all learning. Early writers may need to act out (pantomime) what they are trying to express if they don’t yet have the vocabulary they need.